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1 μέν

μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.

A

I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where [dialect] Att. used ἦ μήν) , καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77
, cf. 14.275; ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται Od.14.160
, cf. Il.24.416; τοῦτον ἐξορκοῖ, ἦ μέν οἱ διηκονήσειν Hdt.4.154
, cf. 5.93, etc.: with neg., οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
, etc.; ὤμοσα, μὴ μὲν.. ἀναφῆναι 4.254
, cf. Hdt.2.118, 179; ἔξαρνος ἦν, μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.67
, cf. 99: without neg., ἀνδρὸς μὲν τόδε σῆμα πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος Il.7.89
: also in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός S.Ph.1
, cf. 159 (anap.), OC44, E.Med. 676, 1129, etc.; καὶ μέν Il.1.269
, 9.632, etc.; οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ .. 2.703, 12.212; γε μέν, cf. γε 1.5.

2 an answering clause with δέ is sts. implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ' ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [ but all others easily], Il.5.893; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [ but as I believe not], E.Or. 8; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), X. An.1.9.14; so νῦν μέν σ' ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Herod.5.81: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Od. 13.154
; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Pl.Cri. 43d: hence with the pers. Pron., ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Hdt.1.71
; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (sc. θέλω) S.Ant. 498; ἐμοῦ μὲν οὐχ ἑκόντος Id.Aj. 455
; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα X.Cyr.1.4.12
, cf. 4.2.45, etc.: with the demonstr. Pron., τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι Pl.Ap. 21d
: generally, to emphasize the preceding word, πολλὴ μὲν ἡ μεταβολή μοι γέγονεν great indeed has been the change, Is.1.1, cf. Simon.5.1, etc.

3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεοῦ; E.Med. 676, cf. Ion 520 (troch.), Hipp. 316, S.Ant. 634, Ar.Av. 1214; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζει; Pl.Men. 82b.

II μέν folld. by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less freq. in later Gr. (rare in NT):

1 μέν.., δέ .. (or when the correlative clause is neg., μέν.., οὐδέ .., Il.1.318, 536), to mark opposition, Hom., etc.—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are freq. separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Il.2.494 is answered by δέ in 511, 527 sq.; in X.An.1.9.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by ἐπεὶ δέ in <*> 6; in Id.Mem.1.1.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by θαυμαστὸν δέ in 1.2.1.

2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Il.1.18sq., 306 sq. (five δέ-clauses), 433 sq. (eight δέ-clauses), cf. X.An. 1.3.14,7.10sq.: freq. when the members of a group or class are distinctly specified, παῖδες δύο, πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀρταξέρξης, νεώτερος δὲ Κῦρος ib.1.1.1; τάφρος.., τὸ μὲν εὖρος ὀργυιαὶ πέντε, τὸ δὲ βάθος ὀργυιαὶ τρεῖς ib.1.7.14; πρῶτος μέν.., δεύτερος δέ.., τρίτος δέ .. ib.5.6.9; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ .., at one time.., at another.., ib.6.1.9, etc.: esp. with the Art. used as a Pron., ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. ; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ .., etc.

3 the principal word is freq. repeated, οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258
, cf. 288, Od.15.70; ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δ' ἵμερος, ἐν δ' ὀαριστύς Il.14.216
; Ξέρξης μὲν ἄγαγεν.., Ξέρξης δ' ἀπώλεσεν A.Pers. 550
, cf. 560, 694, 700 (all lyr.); χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης X.An.5.8.20
.

4 one of the correlative clauses is sts. independent, while the other takes the part. or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ' ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ .. D.57.11; οἱ ἀμφὶ βασιλέα, πεζοὶ μὲν οὐκέτι, τῶν δὲ ἱππέων ὁ λόφος ἐνεπλήσθη X.An.1.10.12
, cf. 2.1.7, 5.6.29; ὧν ἐπιμεμφομένα σ' ἁδεῖα μὲν ἀντία δ' οἴσω S.Tr. 123
, cf. OC 522 (bothlyr.); χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι.., ἔτι δὲ καὶ.. δόξω ἀμελῆσαι Pl.Cri.44
b.

5 μέν and δέ freq. oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις μέν ποτε.. ἀντήρατε,.. νυνὶ δὲ ὀκνεῖτ' ἐξιέναι (for εἰ.. ἀντάραντες νυνὶ ὀκνεῖτε) D.2.24, cf. E.IT 116, Lys.34.11, X.Mem.2.7.11, etc.: so in an anacoluthon, τρία μὲν ὄντα.. ναυτικά.., τούτων δ' εἰ περιόψεσθε τὰ δύο, κτλ., Th.1.36.

6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but freq. by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, Il.1.22 sq., 2.703 sq., Pi.O.9.1, A.Pers. 176, X.An.1.7.17:—by μέντοι, Hdt.1.36, S.Ph. 350, D.21.189, etc.:—by ἀτάρ, Il.6.84, 124, A.Pr. 342, S.OT 1051sq., Pl. Tht. 172c, etc. (so μέν.., αὐτάρ in [dialect] Ep., Il.1.50, Od.19.513, etc.):— by αὖ, Il.11.108, Od.4.210:—by αὖθις, S.Ant. 165:—by αὖτε, Il.1.234, Od.22.5:—by temporal Particles, πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα .. S.El. 261; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο .. X.An.6.1.5-7; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι .. S.Ph. 350, cf. OT 647:—rarely by μήν with neg., οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Pl.Phdr. 268e
; οὐ μὴν αὐταί γε Id.Phlb. 12d
.

b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sts. strengthd., as ὅμως δέ .. S.OT 785, Ph. 473, 1074, etc. (so ἀλλ' ὅμως El. 450
); δ' αὖ .. Il.4.415, X.An.1.10.5; δ' ἔμπης .. Il.1.561-2.

c μέν is sts. answered by a copul. Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο ib. 267, cf. 459, Od. 22.475, S.Aj.1, Tr. 689, E.Med. 125 (anap.), etc.: rarely in Prose, τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Th.2.65
(dub.).

B μέν before other Particles:

I where each Particle retains its force,

1 μὲν ἄρα, in Hom. μέν ῥα, Il.2.1, 6.312, Od.1.127, Pl. Phdr. 258d, R. 467d, etc.

2 μὲν γάρ S.OT62
, Th.1.142, etc.:— in Hom. there is freq. no second clause, Od.1.173, 392, cf. S.OT 1062, etc.; μὲν γὰρ δή Il.11.825
; μὲν γάρ τε 17.727
.

3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail, Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Th.1.40
, cf. 70, 6.86, Hdt.6.46, Antipho 5.14, Lys. 13.27, Is.4.8, Ar.Nu. 1382, V. 564, E.Fr.909.4.

4 μὲν δή Il.1.514
, Hdt.1.32, etc.: freq. used to express positive certainty, ἀλλ' οἶσθα μὲν δή S. Tr. 627
, cf. OT 294; τὰ μὲν δὴ τόξ' ἔχεις Id.Ph. 1308
; esp. as a conclusion, τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Pl.Grg. 470b
, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.6, etc.: in closing a statement, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα A.Pr. 500
, etc.: used in answers to convey full assent, ἦ μὲν δή (cf. supr. A) Il.9.348, Od.4.33; καὶ μὲν δή.. γε Pl.R. 409b
; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Il.8.238, X.Cyr.1.6.9, Pl.Tht. 148e, etc.; οὐ μὲν δή.. γε X.An.2.2.3
, 3.2.14; ἀλλ' οὔ τι μὲν δή .. Pl.Tht. 187a.

5 μὲν οὖν, v. infr.11.2.

II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense,

1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.), τοῦτο μέν γ' ἤδη σαφές Ar.Ach. 154
, cf. Nu. 1172, Lys. 1165, Ra.80, Th.3.39; μέν γέ που Pl.R. 559b
, Tht. 147a.

2 μὲν οὖν is freq. used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Od.4.780, Pi.O.1.111, S.OT 244, 843; Ph. 359, D.2.5, etc.: but freq. also abs., so then, S.Ant.65; ταῦτα μὲν οὖν παραλείψω D.2.3
; esp. in replies, sts. in strong affirmation, παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Pl.Tht. 158d
; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν ib. 159e; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ib. 159b; ἀνάγκη μὲν οὖν ib. 189e; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμων; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Ar.Ec. 1102; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν .. nay on mine, Id.Eq. 911, cf. A.Pers. 1032 (lyr.), Ag. 1090 (lyr.), 1396, S.Aj. 1363, El. 1503, OT 705, Ar.Ra. 241, Pl.Cri. 44b, Grg. 466a, 470b, Prt. 309d, etc.; also μὲν οὖν δή S.Tr. 153
; καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν Id.OC31
; cf. οὐμενοῦν: in NT μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Ev.Luc.11.28, Ep.Rom.9.20, etc., cf. Phryn.322, Hsch.—In [dialect] Ion., μέν νυν is used for μὲν οὖν, Hdt.1.18, 4.145, etc.

3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε .., Il.5.139, al.; μέν τε is freq. answered by δέ alone, 16.28, al.; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ, 17.727, Od.1.215, al.; perh. by ἠδέ, Il.4.341:— Hom. also uses μέν τε abs., when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Il.2.145, al.

4 μέν τοι in Hom. always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dat. of the Pron.: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used:

a with a conj. force, yet, nevertheless, A.Pr. 320, 1054 (anap.), S.Tr. 413, etc.; and sts. stands for δέ, answering to μέν, v. supr. A.11.6 a.

b as an Adv., in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία .. D.4.49; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι .. ; Answ. φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Pl.Phd. 65d
, al.: with a neg. to give emphasis to a question, οὐ σὺ μέντοι .. ; why, are you not.. ? Id.Prt. 309a, cf. Phdr. 229b, R. 339b, etc.: sts. to express impatience, ὄμνυμι γάρ σοι—τίνα μέντοι, τίνα θεῶν; Id.Phdr. 236d; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦν; nay what was the first? Ar.Nu. 787; οὗτος, σὲ λέγω μ. Id.Ra. 171
; σὺ μέντοι .. Luc.Alex.44: with imper., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μ. σὺ φυλάττου only take heed.., Ar. Pax 1100, cf.Av. 661, X.An.1.4.8: in answers, γελοῖον μέντἂν εἴη nay it would be absurd, Pl.Tht. 158e; summing up a long temporal clause, And.1.130.

c μέντοι γε X.Cyr.5.5.24
, etc.; οὐ μ. γε Diog.Apoll.5
: in later Gr. μέντοιγε stands first in the sentence, μ. οὐ θέλω PLond.3.897.13
(i A.D.); also γε μέντοι A.Ag. 938
, S.OT 778, 1292, E.Hec. 600; ὅμως γε μ. Ar.Ra.61
.

d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Heraclit.28, Pl.R. 331d; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι .. and of course to take care.., X.An.4.6.15 (v.l.), cf. 1.8.20, Pl.Prt. 339c, Tht. 143a.

e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, X.An.4.6.16; well, of course, Pl.R. 331e, etc.; cf. μέντον.

C for μέν after other Particles, see each Particle.

D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usu. stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, as ἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐλεύθερον λόγον S.Tr.63
; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ .. Th.4.73, cf. 113, etc. It also attaches itself to words which mark opposition, as πρῶτον μέν, τότε μέν, ἐγὼ μέν, even when these do not stand first: sts. however it precedes them, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Pl.Phdr. 228b
; ὡς μέν τινες ἔφασαν X.Cyr.5.2.28
. It generally stands between the Art. and Noun, or the Prep. and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sts. neglected, as οἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Th.4.134
; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν .. Id.3.22; also τῇ σῇ μὲν εὐδαιμονίῃ, τῇ ἐμεωυτοῦ δὲ κακοδαιμονίῃ Hdt. 1.87
.

II μέν is freq. repeated:

1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ .. X.An.1.6.9, cf. 5.8.24, Th.8.104, D.18.214, 23.208.

2 in apodosi with the demonstr. Pron. or Adv., τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα .. Hdt.2.121; ὅσοι μὲν δὴ νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαίου εἰσί, οὗτοι μέν [νυν].. αἶγας θύουσι· ὅσοι δὲ.. νομοῦ τοῦ Μενδησίου εἰσί, οὗτοι δὲ.. ὄϊς θύουσι ib.42, cf.3.108, al.; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ .. Pl.Ap. 28e, cf. Grg. 512a.

3 μέν used absolutely is freq. folld. by a correlative μέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Id.R. 421a
.

III μέν is sts. omitted (esp. in Poetry) where it is implied in the following δέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων Il.22.157
; ἐλευθεροῦτε πατρίδ', ἐλευθεροῦτε δὲ παῖδας A. Pers. 403
; σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf. Ar.Nu. 396, Pl.Sph. 221e, Arist.Po. 1447b14, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μέν
2 πεζός

πεζός, ή, όν, (v. πούς):

1 in Poets, esp. [dialect] Ep.,

a on foot, walking, πεζοί fighters on foot, opp. those in chariots, πεζοί θ' ἱππῆές τε Il. 8.59
, cf. 5.13,11.150 ; πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων Od.17.436
, cf.9.50.

b on land, going by land, opp. sea-faring, esp.in Od. ; εἰ δ' ἐθέλεις π., πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι 3.324
; οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδ' ἱκέσθαι 1.173
; ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ 11.58
, cf. Pi.P.10.29 ; ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἢ π. Il.24.438.

2in Prose, ὁ π. (with or without στρατός),

a sts. infantry, opp. cavalry ([etym.] ἡ ἵππος), Hdt.1.80, 4.128 ; σὺν δυνάμει καὶ π. καὶ ἱππικῇ X.Cyr.2.4.18
; but,

b more freq.land-force, army, opp. naval force, Hdt.4.97, 6.95, Th.1.47, 2.94, etc. ; τὸ π. v.l. in Hdt.7.81 ; στρατιὰ καὶ ναυτικὴ καὶ π. Th.6.33, cf. 7.16 (and v. πεζικός) ; ἡ π. στρατιὰ καὶ τὸ ναυτικόν Lys.2.34
, cf. A. Pers. 558 (lyr.), 719, 728 (both troch.) ; οἱ μὲν ἐφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἐπὶ ναῶν, πεζοί τε βάδην ib.19 ; τὰ π. κράτιστοι strongest by land, Th.4.12 ; καὶ ναυσὶ καὶ πεζοῖσι Ar.Ach. 622
; π. μάχαισιν Id.Eq. 567
; ἡ π. μάχη battle by land, Pl.Lg. 707c ; ἐν τοῖς ναυτικοῖς κινδύνοις, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς π. Isoc.4.91.

3 of animals, land, opp. birds and fishes, τὰ π. καὶ τὰ πτηνά beasts and birds, Pl.Smp. 207a, cf. Plt. 264e ; π. καὶ ἔνυδρον ib. 288a, cf. Lg. 823b, Arist.Top. 143b1, etc. ; ἡ π. θήρα Pl.Sph. 222b
, cf. Lg. 824a.

II metaph. (cf. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Μουσέων πεζὸς ἔπειμι νομόν Call.Aet.4.1.9
), of language, prosaic, λόγοι π. prose (cf. 111.3), D.H. Comp.6, Paus.4.6.1 ; διὰ πεζῶν [λ.] Phld.Mus.p.87 K. ; λόγος POxy. 724.10
(ii A. D.) ; ἡ π. διάλεκτος D.H. Comp.3
; ἡ π. λέξις ib.1 ; opp. ἡ ἔμμετρος, ib.4 ; ἡ π. alone, Str.1.2.6 ; τινὰ καὶ πεζὰ καὶ ἐν ἔπεσι ποιήματα D.C.69.3
; π. τις ποιητική, of bombastic prose, Luc. Hist.Conscr. 8 ; κομιδῇ πεζὸν καὶ χαμαιπετές ib.16, cf. Plu.2.853c ; τὰ ἄγαν π. καὶ κακόμετρα [ ὀνόματα] ib.747f ; π. ὀνόματα, opp. ποιητικά, Demetr.Eloc. 167.

2 of verse, unaccompanied by music, καὶ πεζὰ καὶ φορμικτά S.Fr.16
; πεζῷ γόῳ· ἄνευ αὐλοῦ ἢ λύρας, Phot. ; cf. 111.2.

3 common, ordinary, ἑταῖραι Theopomp.Hist.205
; μόσχοι Eup.169
; π. αὐλητρίς Pl.Com.155
.

III dat. fem. πεζῇ (sc. ὁδῷ ) as Adv.,

1 on foot, opp. σὺν ἵππῳ, X.Oec.5.5.

b more commonly, by land, Hdt.2.159, Th.2.94, etc. ; π. ἕπεσθαι to follow by land, Hdt. 7.110, 115 ; στρατιὰν μέλλων π. πορεύσειν Th.4.132
; π. πορεύεσθαι X.An.5.6.1
; οὔτε π. οὔτε κατὰ θάλατταν ib.5.6.10 ; καὶ π. καὶ ναυμαχοῦντες by land and by sea, D.3.24.

2 without musical accompaniment (cf. 11.2), παῦσαι μελῳδοῦσ' ἀλλὰ π. μοι φράσον Com.Adesp. 601
, cf. Pl.Sph. 237a.

3 regul. Adv. πεζῶς in prose, Phld.Rh.1.165 S., Suid. s.v. ἱστορῆσαι.

IV [comp] Comp. πεζότερος more like a foot-journey, Plu.2.804d ; more like prose, στίχοι π. τῇ συνθέσει Sch. Il.2.252, etc.: [comp] Sup. πεζότατος, τὸ π. μόριον τῆς ψυχή, cf. Procl.in Ti.3.317 D.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πεζός
3 δόρυ

δόρυ, τό, [dialect] Att. gen. δόρατος, rare in Poets, as Ar.Ach. 1120, late [dialect] Ep. dat. pl.

A δοράτεσσι Q.S.6.363
: [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. decl., gen. δούρατος (also in Pi.P.4.38); dat. δούρατι (also in S.Ph. 721 (lyr.)); pl. δούρατα, δούρασι (but codd. of Hdt. usu. have δόρατα, δόρασι): more commonly δουρός, δουρί (but δορί Archil.2.1
); dual δοῦρε; pl. δοῦρα, δούρων, δούρεσσι; dat. pl. δούροις Opp.H.3.573
: Trag., gen. δορός; dat. δορί or δόρει, the former required by metre in A.Th. 347, 456, 958, Ag. 111, E.Hec. 909, Ph. 186, etc. (all lyr.), also in Id.Hec.5; δόρει is required in S.OC 620, 1314, 1386; ξὺν δορὶ ξὺν ἀσπίδι Ar.V. 1081
, but σὺν δόρει σὺν ἀσπίδι Achae.29
, cf. Choerob. in Theod.1.346; δορί occurs in Prose in the phrases δορὶ ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν (v. infr. 11.2): nom. pl. δόρη E. Rh. 274
, Theopomp.Com.25; gen. δορῶν Hsch.
: nom. δοῦρας AP6.97
(Antiphil.). Exc. sg. δόρυ, Hom. uses only the [dialect] Ion. forms:

I stem, tree, οὔπω τοῖον ἀνήλυθεν ἐκ δόρυ γαίης Od.6.167
; but commonly, plank or beam, δοῦρ' ἐλάτης κέρσαντες Il.24.450
; δούρατα μακρὰ ταμών Od.5.162
, cf. Il.3.61; δούρατα πύργων 12.36
; δούρατ' ἀμάξης Hes.Op. 456
; mostly of ships, δόρυ νήϊον ship's plank, Il.15.410, etc.; νήϊα δοῦρα Od.9.498
; also, mast, E.Tr. 1148: hence,

2 δ. εἰνάλιον, ἀμφῆρες, of a ship, Pi.P.4.27, E.Cyc.15; δ. ποντοπόρον S.Ph. 721
(lyr.); also δόρυ alone, A.Pers. 411, Ag. 1618, E.Hel. 1611; ἐπ' Ἀργῴου δορός Id.Andr. 793
; also δούρων, of oars, Hymn.Is.152.

3 pillory, stocks, ἐν δουρὶ δεθεὶς αὐχένα Anacr.21.9
.

II shaft of a spear, δόρυ μείλινον the ashen shaft, Il.5.666, al.: hence, generally, spear itself, δ. χάλκεον 13.247
; ἀσπίδα καὶ δύο δοῦρε Od.1.256
, etc.; hunting-spear, Il.12.303; δόρατα ναύμαχα boarding-pikes, Hdt.7.89: freq. in military phrases, v. πέλεκυς 1; εἰς δόρατος πληγήν within spear's throw, X.Eq.8.10; εἰς δόρυ ἀφικόμενοι Id.HG4.3.17
; ἐπὶ δόρυ to the right hand, in which the spear was held, opp. ἐπ' ἀσπίδα, Id.An.4.3.29 (cf. κλίνω IV. 3, κλίσις 111
); παρὰ δόρυ Id.Lac.11.10
; εἰς δόρυ Id.HG6.5.18
; τὴν ἐμβολὴν ἐκ δόρατος ποιεῖσθαι Plb.3.115.9
:— ὑπὸ δόρυ πωλεῖσθαι, = Lat. sub hasta venire, D.H.4.24, cf. Str.4.6.7.

b pole of a standard, X.Cyr.7.1.4.

c sceptre, E.Hec. 9.

d stick used as tourniquet, Hp.Nat.Puer.24.

2 metaph., δουρὶ κτεατίζειν win wealth by the spear, i.e. in war, Il.16.57; ὑπὸ δουρὶ πόλιν πέρθαι ib. 708; in Prose, δορὶ ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν, Th.1.128, App. BC4.8; an armed force, συμμάχῳ δ. A.Eu. 773
; δ. ἐπακτοῦ S.OC 1525
; καὶ τὸ δ. καὶ τὸ κηρύκειον πέμπειν to offer war or peace, Plb. 4.52.4. (Cf. Skt. dā´ru 'piece of wood', δορά (B), δρῦς.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δόρυ
4 μείγνυμι

μείγνυμι or [full] μίγνυμι, μ<ε> ίγνυσι Pl.Lg. 691e; imper. μ<ε> ίγνυ Id.Phlb. 63e:—also μ<ε> ιγνύω, Damox.2.60, Arist.HA 627a23, Thphr. Lap.53, etc.: [tense] impf. ἐμ<ε> ίγνυν, pl. ἐμ<ε>ίγνυσαν ( συν-) X.Cyr.8.1.46; poet. μ<ε> ίγνυον Pi.N.4.21: [tense] fut. μ<ε> ίξω Od.22.221 ( μετα-), S.OC 1047 (lyr.), Pl.Phlb. 64b: [tense] aor. ἔμ<ε> ιξα Archil.86, Pi.I.7(6).25, etc.; inf. μ<ε> ῖξαι Il.15.510: [tense] pf. μέμῐχα ( συμ-) Plb.16.10.1, 38.13.5: [tense] plpf. ἐμεμίχειν [pron. full] [ῐ] ( συν-) D.C.47.45:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., [full] μ<ε>ίγνυμαι Pl. Phd. 113c: [tense] impf. ἐμ<ε>ίγνυντο (ἐπ-) Th.2.1: [tense] fut. μ<ε> ίξομαι Od.6.136, 24.314, μεμ<ε> ίξομαι Hes.Op. 179, μ<ε> ιχθήσομαι Aeschin.1.166 ( ἀνα-), Palaeph.13; also

A μῐγήσομαι Il.10.365
: [tense] aor. 1 ἐμίχθη ib. 457, ἐμ<ε> ίχθην A.Supp. 295, Hdt.2.181, Ph.Bel.70.5, etc.; inf. μιχθήμεναι Il. 11.438
; but in Hom. and [dialect] Att. more commonly [tense] aor. 2 ἐμίγην [ῐ]; [dialect] Ep. μίγην Il.21.143
; inf. μιγήμεναι 15.409
, μιγῆν Parm.12.5
; both forms in Trag., μ<ε>ιχθῆναι A.l.c., al. (v. infr.), μιγῆναι Id.Pr.738
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἔμικτο Od.1.433
, μίκτο Il.11.354
, 16.813, A.R.3.1223; part. μίγμενος in trans. sense, Nic. Al. 574: [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ἐμ<ε> ιξάμην Thphr. CP3.22.3: [tense] pf. μέμιγμαι Il.10.424
, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. ἀνα-μεμ<ε> ίχαται Hdt.1.146: [tense] plpf. ἐμέμικτο Il.4.438
.—For the [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. Hom. and Hdt. always use μίσγω, which occurs once in Trag., S.Fr. 271 (anap.), never in Com., sts. in [dialect] Att. Prose, Th.6.104 ( προς-), Thphr.Sens.43; part. μίσγων Pl.Ti. 41d
; also [tense] impf. ἔμισγον Th.3.22
( προς-), Pl.Ti. l.c.; also in later Prose, Plb.9.8.9 ( προς-), 18.32.2, 31.17.5 ( συμ-), PTeb.12.7, 18, 26.3 ( συμ-, ii B. C.), etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. ἐμισγέσκοντο Od. 20.7
. (In codd. usu. [pref] μι- in all tenses and derivs.; in Inscrr. and Pap. freq. [pref] μει-, e.g. μειγνύς Phld.Mus.p.13
K., μειγνύμενος Limen.14
( 128/7 B.C.), ὀν-εμείχνυτο Sapph.Supp. 20c
.2 ( = pp.21,78 Lobel, ὀνεμίγνυτο ib. 20b.4): [tense] fut. inf. συν-μείσχι[ν] IG12.920 (vi B. C.): [tense] aor. συνέμειξα PPetr.2p.64
(iii B. C.); inf. συμ-μεῖξαι PEleph.29.11
(iii B. C.): [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. μέμειγμαι Phld.Vit.p.34
J.: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἐμείχθην A.Fr.99.5
(Pap. of ii B. C.), E.Antiop.iv B 45 (Pap. of iii B. C.), Phld.Po.2.12; similarly μεῖξις Id.Mus.p.65
K.; σύμ-μεικτος freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG 22.1388.63 (iv B. C.), al.; μεικτός PCair.Zen.292.25
, al. (iii B. C.): [pref] μι- is found in συνανα-μιγνύμενα Phld.D.3.9
, μιγνύωσι Id.Ir.p.41
K.: [tense] aor. inf. συμ-μῖξαι SIG568.6
(Halasarna, late iii B. C.): [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. μεμιγμένος Wilcken Chr.198.12 (iii B. C.): [tense] aor. part. [voice] Pass. μιχθείς Pae.Erythr.5
(iv B. C. and ii A. D., v. l. μει- ii A. D.); similarly σύμ-μικτος AJA31.350
(vase, v B. C.); the oldest forms were prob. μίσγω μείξω ἔμειξα μέμιγμαι ἐμίχθην (μίκτο) μεῖγμα μίξις μικτός (cf. the forms of τεύχω, φεύγω, etc.); the μει- forms already in v B. C. had encroached, and after 150 B.C. were freq. written μι- (i. e. μῑ-)):— mix, strictly of liquids, οἶνον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ὕδωρ Od.1.110
, etc.; also of a solid and liquid, θρόμβῳ δ' ἔμ<ε>ιξεν αἵματος φίλον γάλα A.Ch. 546
; of two solids, ἅλεσσι μεμιγμένον εἶδαρ Od.11.123
; also μ. ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρός Pl.Prt. 320d
; μ<ε>ιγνὺς [ταῦτα] μετὰ τῆς οὐσιας Id.Ti. 35b
:—[voice] Med. for [voice] Act., AP7.44 ([place name] Ion), Nic.Th. 603:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.

II generally, join, bring together, in various ways:

1 in hostile sense, μ<ε>ῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε join battle hand to hand, Il.15.510; μ<ε>ίξαντες.. Ἄρευα Alc.31
; Κόλχοισι βίαν μ. Pi.P.4.213
; χερσὶν ἐναντία χεῖρας ἔμ<ε> ιξεν A.R.2.78; Ἄρη μ<ε> ίξουσιν S.OC 1047 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., μ<ε>ιγνυμένου πολέμου Callin.1.11
.

b in good sense, ἀλώπηξ καἰετὸς ξυνωνίην ἔμ<ε> ιξαν Archil.86.

2 bring into connexion with, make acquainted with, ἄνδρας.. μισγέμεναι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι Od.20.203
; Καδμεῖοί νιν.. ἄνθεσι μ<ε> ίγνυον covered him with flowers, Pi.N.4.21; reversely, ᾧ πότμον.. Ἄρης ἔμ<ε> ιξεν upon whom A. brought death, Id.l.7(6).25.

B [voice] Pass., with [tense] fut. [voice] Med. μείξομαι (v. sub init.):—to be mixed up with, mingled among, προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη Il.5.134
, etc.; ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα Od.18.379
; [σῆμα] οὔ τι μεμιγμένον ἐστὶν ὁμίλῳ 8.196
; ἐώλπει μ<ε>ίξεσθαι ξενίῃ hoped to hold intercourse in guest-friendship, 24.314; Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἀγρομένοισιν ἔμιχθεν Il.3.209
, cf. 10.180; ἐν ταῖς κακαῖσιν ἁγαθαὶ μεμ<ε> ιγμέναι E. Ion 399; hold intercourse with, live with, Od.7.247, etc.; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων Emp.59.1
; αἷς οὐ μ<ε>ίγνυται θεῶν τις A.Eu.69
: abs., hold intercourse, θάμ' ἐνθάδ' ἐόντες ἐμισγόμεθ' Od.4.178
.

b to be mixed or compounded, μεμ<ε>ιγμένον μέλι σὺν γάλακτι Pi.N.3.77
; Κύπριδος ἐλπὶς.. μειγνυμένα Διονυσίοισι δώροις B.Scol.Oxy. 1361
Fr.1.9; σύλλογος νέων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων μεμ<ε> ιγμένος Pl.Lg. 951d, cf. E.Fr. 997; μεμ<ε>ιγμένην πολιτείαν ἐκ κακοῦ τε καὶ ἀγαθοῦ Pl.R. 548c
; ἔκ τε ταὐτοῦ καὶ θατέρου καὶ τῆς οὐσίας μ. Id.Ti. 35b
.

2 to be brought into contact with, κάρη κονίῃσιν ἐμίχθη his head wasrolled in the dust, Il.10.457, Od.22.329; ὅτ' ἐν κονίῃσι μιγείης Il.3.55
; οὐδ' ἔτ' ἔασε [ἔγχος].. μιχθήμεναι ἔγκασι φωτός she let not the spear reach them, 11.438; κλισίῃσι μιγήμεναι 15.409
; ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς μίσγετο went to join them, 18.216; ἔσω μίσγεσθαι to come among us in the house, Od.18.49; μίσγεσθαι ὑπὲρ ποταμοῖο to join the rest across the river, Il.23.73: freq. in Pi. in various senses, c. dat. (with or without ἐν), come to, ἔν τ' Ὠκεανοῦ πελάγεσσι μίγεν P.4.251
; Λακεδαιμονίων μιχθέντες ἀνδρῶν ἤθεσιν ib. 257; ἐν αἱμακουρίαις μέμικται is present at that feast, O.1.91; φύλλοις ἐλαιᾶν μιχθέντα, στεφάνοις ἔμιχθεν ([ per.] 3pl.), come to, i.e. win, the crown of victory, N.1.18, 2.22; μ. εὐλογίαις I.3.3
; μ. ἐν τιμαῖς ib.2.29; μ. θάμβει to be affected by amazement, N.1.56; also βροτοὶ ξὺν κακοῖς μεμ<ε> ιγμένοι S.El. 1485.

3 in hostile sense, mix in fight, Il.4.456, cf. Od.5.317; ἐν δαΐ, ἐν παλάμῃσι μ., Il.13.286, 21.469.

4 in Hom. and Hes. most freq. of the sexes, have intercourse with, both of the man and the woman, sts. abs., Il.9.275, etc.: more freq. μιγῆναί τινι, of the man, 21.143, etc.; of the woman, Od.1.73; ἄρσενι θῆλυ μιγῆν Parm.12.5
, cf. Pi.P.3.14, al.; but in Trag. only of the man, as μητρὶ μ<ε>ιχθῆναι, μιγῆναι, S.OT 791, 995; but in Com. μ<ε>ιγνυμένας τοῖσιν ἀδελφοῖς Ar.Ra. 1081
(anap.): in Prose [tense] pres. μίσγεσθαι in this sense, of the man, Hdt.2.64, etc.; of the woman, Id.1.5, 199, Od.22.445; in full, φιλότητί τινι μιγῆναι, of the man, Il.6.165; of the woman, ib. 161, Hes.Th. 927, 970, etc.; ἐμισγέσθην φ., of the two, Il.14.295; ἐν φιλότητι μίσγεσθαι (with or without τινι), of the man, 2.232, 24.131; of the woman, h.Hom.33.5; Διὸς φιλότητι μιγῆναι, Διὸς ἐν φ. μ., of the woman, Hes.Th. 920, h.Merc.4; σῇ φ. μ., of the man, h.Ven. 150; εὐνῇ μ., of the man, Od. 1.433; φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ, of the man, Il.3.445, cf. Od.15.420; of the woman, 5.126; but ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσι Διός 11.268
: c. acc. cogn., φιλότης.., ἣν ἐμίγης Il.15.33
.—The [tense] aor. I is not used in this sense by Hom., but occurs in the Hymns, h.Ven.46, al.; the [tense] aor. I is more freq. in Hes. and Pi. (Cf. Lat. misceo, Skt. meksáyati 'stir', miśrás 'mixed'.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μείγνυμι
5 ἥκω

ἥκω, Il.5.478: [tense] impf. ἧκον (v. infr.): [tense] fut. ἥξω (v. infr.); [dialect] Dor.

A ἡξῶ Theoc.4.47
, Call.Fr.1.65 P. (in [dialect] Dor. and Hom. more commonly ἵκω): all other tenses late; [tense] aor. 1 part. ἥξας Paus.2.11.5
, Gal.6.56, 10.609: [tense] pf. ἧκα Philostr.VA3.24
, Scymn.62, [ per.] 1pl. ἥκαμεν UPZ72.9
(ii B.C.), CIG4762 (Egypt, i A.D.), [dialect] Dor. ἥκαμες f.l. in Plu.2.225b, [ per.] 2pl. ἥκατε PGrenf.2.36.18
(i B.C.), [ per.] 3pl. ἥκασι LXX4 Ki.20.14
, Ev.Marc.8.3; inf. ἡκέναι UPZ6.30
(ii B.C.): [tense] plpf. ἥκεσαν J.AJ19.1.14
: —[voice] Med., [tense] pres. subj. ἥκηται Aret.SD2.1
: [tense] fut. ἥξομαι v.l. in M.Ant. 2.4:—to have come, be present, prop. in a [tense] pf. sense, with [tense] impf. ἧκον as [tense] plpf., I had come, and [tense] fut. ἥξω as [tense] fut. [tense] pf., I shall have come, μάλα τηλόθεν ἥκω Il.5.478
, cf. Od.13.325, Pi.O.4.12 ( ἵκω codd. vett.): [tense] impf. ἧκον A.Pr. 661
, Th.1.91, al., Pl.R. 327c, Hdt.8.50, etc.: [tense] fut. ἥξω A.Pr. 103
, al., E.Andr. 738, Ar. Pax 265, Orac. ap. Th.2.54, etc.; ἧκε imper., S.Aj. 1116, Ar. Pax 275, X.Cyr.4.5.25; ἡκέτω E.Rh. 337
:—Constr. mostly with εἰς, Hdt.8.50, A.Ch.3, etc.; παρά τινα Hdt.7.157
, Th.1.137; πρός τινα A.Ch. 659
; πρὸς δαίμονα S.Fr. 770
; esp. in worship, ἥκω πρὸς τὴν κυρίαν Ἶσιν OGI186.6
(Egypt, i B.C.), cf. Ev.Jo.6.37; πρὸς πόλιν S.OC 734
; ἐπί τινα to set upon, attack, Pl.R. 336b, Aeschin. 2.178; but ἥ. ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα to have come to fetch the army, X. An.7.6.2; οἱ ἐπὶ ταῦθ' ἥκοντες D.18.28
; ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ E.IA 886
(troch.); περὶ σπονδῶν X.An.2.3.4
: c. acc., ἥξεις ποταμόν A.Pr. 717
, cf. 724, 730; ἥ. δῆμον τὸν Λυρκείου S.Fr.271.6
, cf. E.Ba.1; ἥκουσιν αὐτῷ ἄγγελοι X.Cyr.5.3.26
; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥ. to have come to the same point, to agree, E.Hec. 748, Hipp. 273: with Adv. of motion, ἥ. ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο, S.Ph. 377, D.19.58; βῆναι κεῖθεν ὅθενπερ ἥκει S.OC 1227
: c. neut. Pron., αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω παρά σε Pl.Prt. 310e
; ἐρωτώμενοι ὅ τι ἥκοιεν for what they had come, X.HG4.5.9: c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν μακρὰν ἥκειν Id.Cyr.5.5.42
: c.inf., μανθάνειν γὰρ ἥκομεν we are here to learn, S. OC12.

2 to have reached a point, ἐς τοσήνδ' ὕβριν ib. 1030; εἰς τοῦτο ἀμαθίας E.Andr. 170
; εἰς τοσοῦτον ἀμαθίας Pl.Ap. 25e
; εἰς ὅσον ἡλικίας Id.Chrm. 157d
, etc.; πρὸς γάμων ἀκμάς S.OT 1492
; ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἥκεις; ib. 687, etc.; Geom., pass through a point, διὰ τῶν πόλων Autol.Sph.10
, cf. Archim.Con.Sph.9.

b διὰ μάχης, δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν, A.Supp. 475, S.OC 905; cf. διά A.
IV.

c with an Adv. folld. by gen., οὕτω πόρρω σοφίας ἥκεις Pl.Euthd. 294e
; εὖ ἥκειν τινός to be well off for a thing, have plenty of it, τοῦ βίου, χρημάτων, Hdt.1.30, 5.62; ἑωυτῶν Id.1.102
; θεῶν χρηστῶν Id.8.111
; πιθανότητος Demetr.Magn. ap.D.H.Din.1; οὐκ ὁμοίως ἥ. τινός not to be equally well off in respect of.., Hdt.1.149; πῶς ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν; how have we sped in the contest? E.El. 751; ὧδε γένους ἥ. τινί to be this degree of kin to him, Id.Heracl. 213; ὡς δυνάμεως ἥκεις Paus.4.21.10
; ἐς μῆκος εὖ ἥκων Ael.NA4.34
: abs., εὖ ἥκειν to be flourishing, Hdt.1.30: rarely c. gen. only, σὺ δὲ δυνάμιος ἥκεις μεγάλης thou art in great power, Id.7.157 (nisi leg. μεγάλως).

3 to have come back, returned, D.20.73; from exile, And.2.13; αὐτίκα ἥξω I shall be back in a moment, X.An.2.1.9; ἧκέ νυν ταχύ come back soon, Ar. Pax 275; ἄψορρον ἥξεις A.Pr. 1021
; ἄψορρον ἥξομεν πάλιν S.El.53
.

4 c. part., ἥκω φέρων I have come bringing (i.e. with), Id.OC 579, cf. 357, Ar. Pax 265, Eup.22 D., Pl.Grg. 518d; ἧκεν ἄγων Id.Phd. 117a
; ἕτερόν τι ἥκεις ἕχων Id.Grg. 491c
, etc.: c. [tense] fut. part., like ἔρχομαι, ἥκω φράσων, ἀγγελῶν, etc., I am going, I intend to say, E.Ph. 706, 1075, etc.

5 to have come to be, θεοῖς ἔχθιστος ἥκω S.OT 1519
(troch.), cf.Aj. 636(lyr.), El. 1201, etc.; take one's origin, ἀπὸ πολιτειῶν τοιούτων ἥκετε, ἐν αἷς.. Th.4.126
.

II of things, in various uses: of meats, to have come to table, Alex.132; ὡς τὰ περιφερόμενα ἧκε πρὸς ἡμᾶς X.Cyr.2.2.3
; of reports, ἐμοὶ ἀγγελίη ἥκει παρὰ βασιλέος Hdt.8.140
.ά, cf. S.OC 1177; of events, πῆμα ἥκει τινί A.Pr. 103
, cf. Ar.Ra. 606, etc.; ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ ἥκει βίον τελευτή S. OC 1472
; ἵν' ἥκειτὰ μαντ εύματα what they have come to, Id.OT 953; ὡς αὐτὸν ἥξοι μοῖρα ib. 713 codd.; ἥξει πόλεμος Orac. ap. Th.2.54; ἐς αὐτὸν ἥξει τὸ δεινόν Id.6.77
; of Time, ἥκει ἦμαρ, νύξ, A.Ag. 1301, E.IT42; ἥκει ὑμῖν ὁ καιρός Lys.12.79
; τὸ μέλλον ἥξει A.Ag. 1240
.

2 concern, relate to, ποῖ λόγος ἥκει; to what do the words relate? E.Tr. 154 (lyr.); εἰς ἔμ' ἥκει.. τὰ πράγματα Ar.Pl. 919
; εἰς ἐμὲ τὸ ἐλλεῖπον ἥξει will fall upon me, X.Cyr.1.5.13: freq. in part., τὰ εἰς τοὺς κινδύνους ἥκοντα Antipho 5.81
; τὰ εἰς πλοῦτον ἥ. Pl.Erx. 392d; τὰ πρὸς ἔπαινον, εἰς φιλανθρωπίαν ἥ., Plb.12.15.9,28.17.2, etc.

3 depend upon, ὅσα τῆς Φωκέων σωτηρίας ἐπὶ τὴν πρεσβείαν ἧκε D.19.30
; τό γε ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἧκον μέρος Ph.2.21
; ὅσα γ' εἰς βούλησιν ἥκειν τὴν ἐμήν Hld.4.7
.

4 c. inf., ἧκέ μοι γένει.. πενθεῖν it has come to me by birth.., my birth lays it on me.., S.OC 738, cf. Ichn.356; καλῶς αὐτοῖς κατθανεῖν ἧκον βίου it being well for them at their age to die, E.Alc. 291.

5 c. part., ὃ καὶ νῦν ἥκει γινόμενον which commonly happens even now, Plb.24.9.11 codd. (v.l. γενόμενον). (Prob. from same root as ἵκω.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἥκω
6 καί

καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.

① marker of connections, and

ⓐ single words

α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).

β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.

γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.

δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.² χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).

ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.

ⓑ clauses and sentences

α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).

β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.² p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.

γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann⁴-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.

δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.

ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.

ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).

η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.

θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).

ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.

ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.

ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.

ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.

ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.

② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.

ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).

ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.

ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).

ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.

ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.

ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.

ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.

α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.

β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).

ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.

ⓘ with other particles

α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.

β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.² 35–37.

γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).

δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καί
7 θαυμάζω

θαυμ-άζω, [dialect] Ion. [pref] θωμ-, [dialect] Att. [tense] fut.

A θαυμάσομαι A.Pr. 476
, E.Alc. 157, Pl.Prm. 129c, [dialect] Ep. θαυμάσσομαι Il.18.467
; also θαυμάσω Hp.Nat.Puer. 29
, Plu.2.823f, etc. (in X.Cyr.5.2.12 θαυμάζουσι is restored for -σουσι, θαυμάσετε is v.l. for -σαιτε, Id.HG5.1.14): [tense] aor. ἐθαύμασα A.Th. 772
(lyr.), etc., [dialect] Ep. θαύμασα h.Merc. 414
: [tense] pf. τεθαύμακα X.Mem.1.4.2
, etc.:—[voice] Med., Gal.Med.Phil.2 (v.l.), Ael.VH12.30: [tense] aor. 1 ἐθαυμασάμην v.l. in Aesop.92; οὐκ ἂν θαυμας ώμεθα (leg. - σαίμεθα) Procl.in Prm.p.750S.; θαυμάσαιτο v.l. in J.BJ3.5.1:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. - ασθήσομαι Isoc.6.105
, Th.2.41: [tense] aor. ἐθαυμάσθην Id.6.12
: [tense] pf. τεθαύμασμαι Plb.4.82.1
.

1 abs., wonder, marvel, Il.24.394, Pl.Hp.Ma. 282e, etc.

2 c. acc., marvel at, Il.24.631, etc.; πτόλεμόν τε μάχην τε 13.11
; τύχη θαυμάσαι μὲν ἀξία S.OT 777
, cf. OC 1152, El. 393:—[voice] Pass., ὡς τέρας θ. Hdt.4.28; μὴ παρὼν -άζεται I wonder why he is not present, S.OT 289.

b honour, admire, worship, once in Hom. (but cf. θαυμαίνω) , οὔτε τι θαυμάζειν.. οὔτ' ἀγάασθαι Od.16.203
; freq. later, as Hdt.3.80, A.Th. 772 (lyr.), S.Aj. 1093, etc.; θ. τύμβον πατρός E.El. 519
; μηδὲ τὸν πλοῦτον μηδὲ τὴν δόξαν τὴν τούτων θαυμάζετε, ἀλλ' ὑμᾶς αὐτούς D. 21.210
; μηδὲν θ., Lat. nil admirari, Plu.2.44b; technically, of the attendance of small birds on the owl, Arist.HA 609a15; θ. πρόσωπον to show respect to a person, i.e. comply with their request, LXX Ge. 19.21; θ. τινά τινος for a thing, Th.6.36; θ. τινὰ ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ Pl.Tht. 161c
, X.Mem.1.4.2; ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος τὸν νεανίσκον Plu.Rom.7
:— [voice] Pass., to be admired, Hdt.7.204; ὑπό τινος Id.3.82
; ἔν τινι Th.2.39
; τῶν προγεγενημένων μᾶλλον -θησόμεθα Isoc.6.105
; τοὺς ὁμοίως τεθαυμασμένους [ποιητάς] Phld.Po.5.31; διά τι Isoc.4.59
: c. gen., τῆς ῥώμης Philostr.VA7.42
; χάρις δ' ἀφ' ἡμῶν ὀλομένων -άζεται A. Th. 703
; τὰ εἰκότα θ. to receive proper marks of respect, Th.1.38; θ. τινί Id.7.63
.

c say with astonishment, ἵνα μηδεὶς.. εἶτα τότ' οὐκ ἔλεγες ταῦτα.. ; θαυμάζῃ D.19.25
.

3 c. gen., wonder at, marvel at, τούτου (cj. for τοῦτο) Lys.7.23: c. part., ὃ δ' ἐθαύμασά σου λέγοντος Pl.Prt. 329c
, cf. Cri. 50c; θ. τῶν προθέντων αὖθις λέγειν Th.3.38
; θ. τί τινος to wonder at a thing in a person, E.Hipp. 1041; ὃ θ. τοῦ ἑταίρου Pl.Tht. 161b
, cf. R. 376a: c. dupl. gen., θ. τούτου τῆς διανοίας Lys.3.44
:—these phrases are used in [dialect] Att. as a civil mode of expressing dissent.

4 rarely c. dat. rei, to wonder at, Th.4.85.

5 folld. by Preps., [full] τὰ - όμενα περί τινος Pl.Ti. 80c
; θ. περί τινος τί τῇ τέχνῃ συμβάλλεται Sosip.1.37
; ἐπί σου θαυμάζω, πῶς δύνῃ.. Plb.23.5.12
; θαυμάσονται ἐπ' αὐτῇ LXXLe.26.32
.

6 freq. folld. by an interrog. sentence, θαυμάζομεν οἷον ἐτύχθη Il.2.320
; θ. ὅστις ἔσται ὁ ἀντερῶν Th.3.38
; θαυμάζοντες τί ἔσοιτο ἡ πολιτεία X. HG2.3.17
; θ. ὡς οὔπω πάρεισιν Th.1.90
, cf. X.Cyr.1.4.20, etc.; θ. ὅτι I wonder at the fact that.., Pl.R. 489a; πολλάκις τεθαύμακα ὅπως.. Com.Adesp.22.46D.
; but more commonly, θ. εἰ.. I wonder if.., as a more polite way of saying I wonder that.., Hdt.1.155, S. OC 1140, Pl.Phd. 97a; ἐὰν.. λέγω, μηδὲν θαυμάσῃς Id.Smp. 215a
; ὃ καὶ θαυμάζω, εἰ.. D.19.86
; θαύμαζον ἀκούων, εἰ σὺ μὴ εἴης.. , Lat. mirum ni.., Ar. Pax 1292 (hex.).—This construction is freq. combined with one or other of the foregoing.

b c. acc., θαύμαζ' Ἀχιλῆα, ὅσσος ἔην οἷός τε Il.24.629
; Τηλέμαχον θαύμαζον, ὃ θαρσαλέως ἀγόρευε they marvelled at Telemachus, that he spake so boldly, Od. 1.382; τὸ δὲ θαυμάζεσκον ([dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.), ὡς.. 19.229
; θ. σοῦ γλῶσσαν, ὡς θρασύστομος A.Ag. 1399
, etc.: sts. without a connective, ἀλλὰ τὸ θαυμάζω· ἴδον.. Od.4.655
; σοῦ.. θαυμάσας ἔχω τόδε· χρῆν γὰρ.. S. Ph. 1362
: sts. c. inf., θαυμάζομεν Ἕκτορα δῖον, αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι Il.5.601
.

c c. gen., θ. τινός, ἥντινα γνώμην ἔχων κτλ. Antipho 1.5; θ. τῶν.. ἐχόντων ὅπως οὐ λέγουσιν Isoc.3.3
; θ. αὐτοῦ τί τολμήσει λέγειν D.24.66
; θαυμάζω τινὸς ὅτι.. Isoc.4.1
; θ. τῶν δυναστευόντων εἰ ἡγοῦνται I wonder at men in power supposing, ib.170; ὑμῶν θ. εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε X.HG2.3.53
; also θ. αὐτοῦ.. τοῦτο, ὡς.. Pl.Phd. 89a
.

7 c. acc. et inf., πενθεῖν οὔ σε θ. E.Med. 268, cf. Alc. 1130: after a gen., θαυμάζω δέ σου.. κυρεῖν λέγουσαν A.Ag. 1199
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θαυμάζω
8 καταλύω

κατα-λύω, [tense] fut.

A - λύσω Od.4.28
: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] plpf. - λελύκεσαν Hdn.8.4.2
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. - λῠθήσομαι Pl.Lg. 714c
, D. 38.22 ([tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, v. infr. 1.2a): [tense] pf. - λέλῠμαι Th.6.36
:— put down, destroy, πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα Il.2.117
, 9.24; τείχη, [ πτόλιν], E.Tr. 819, 1080 (both lyr.); γέφυραν break it up, Hdn. l. c.

2 of political or other systems, dissolve, break up, put down, κ. ἀρχήν, βασιληΐην, ἰσοκρατίας, Hdt.1.53,54, 5.92.
ά; τοῦ Διὸς τὴν δύναμιν Ar.Pl. 142
; τὸ κράτος τῆς βουλῆς Plu.Per.7
; τὰς προσόδους τὰς Μιλησίων SIG633.40
(Milet., ii B. C.): freq. in [dialect] Att., κ. τὸν δῆμον Ar.Ec. 453
, Th.3.81; τὴν δημοκρατίαν Ar.Pl. 948
; τὰς πολιτείας Decr. ap. D. 18.182:—[voice] Pass., καταλελυμένης τῆς δημοκρατίας Lex ap.And.1.96, cf. 95, Lys.13.4, Arist.Pol. 1292a29: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. as [voice] Pass., καταλύσεται.. ἡ ἀρχή (Cobet καταλελύσεται) X.Cyr.1.6.9.

b c. acc. pers., put down, depose, κ. τύραννον Th.1.18
, etc.; κ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς X.Cyr.8.5.24
:— [voice] Pass., τῶν ἄλλων καταλελυμένων στρατηγῶν having been dismissed, Hdt.6.43; καταλυθῆναι τῆς ἀρχῆς Id.1.104
, cf. 6.9.

c dissolve, dismiss, disband a body, καταλύειν τὴν βουλήν, τὸν στόλον, Id.5.72, 7.16.
β; τῶν πόλεων τά τε βουλευτήρια καὶ τὰς ἀρχάς Th.2.15
; τὸ ναυτικόν D.18.102
([voice] Pass.).

d abolish or annul laws, customs, etc., δίκην Gorg.Pal.17
; νόμους Isoc.6.66
([voice] Pass.), Plb.3.8.2, cf.Ev.Matt.5.17; ψήφισμα Michel725.20
(ii B.C.); also κ. τὸν ἱππέα render him useless, X.Eq.12.5.

e τὴν φυλακὴν κ. neglect the watch, Ar.V.2, cf. Arist.Pol. 1308a29; τὴν φρουράν Pl.Lg. 762c
; τὴν κοινὴν φυλακὴν καταλυθῆναι βούλεται Din.1.112
.

f κ. τὴν τριηραρχίαν lay it down, Isoc.18.59; τὴν ἄσκησιν, v. infr. 3a.

3 bring to an end, τὸν βίον X. Ap.7
; ἐς Ἅιδαν καταλύσουσ' ἔμμοχθον βίοτον E.Supp. 1004
(lyr.); μώμου ἀδικίαν καὶ δόξης ἀμαθίαν Gorg.Hel.21
; ἐλπίδα Th.2.89
; δόξα, ἣν αἰσχρόν ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ -λῦσαι D.10.73
; κ. τὸ πλεῖν, τὴν ἄροσιν, Id.33.4, Ael.NA13.1; κ. τὰς θυσίας Lys.30.17
, Isoc.6.68; τὰ γυμνάσια And.4.39
; τὸν λόγον Aeschin.2.126
, Isoc.12.176; τοὺς λόγους περὶ τὰ μέγιστα κ. ib.199: abs., make an end, ὥρᾳ κ. die in good time, Diocl.Com.14, cf.Philostr.VA8.28; πύκτης ὢν κατέλυσε retired from the ring, AP11.79 (Lucill.), cf. 161 (Id.) (in full - λῦσαι τὴν ἄσκησιν Gal.Protr.14
); καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς Χοροῖς ἐν τῷ καταλύειν in the ending, Arist.Pr. 921a20: also [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. καταλελυμένος disused, obsolete, Phld.Mus.p.68 K.

b κ. τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν εἰρήνην break the peace, Aeschin.3.55; but,

c more commonly, κ. τὸν πόλεμον end the war, make peace, Ar.Lys. 112, Th.7.31, X.An.5.7.27, etc.; δίκας settle disputes, IG5(2).357.15 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.): abs. (sc. τὸν πόλεμον), Foed. ap. Th.5.23; πρός τινα Foed.ib.8.58:—more freq. in [voice] Med., καταλύσασθαι τὰς ἔχθρας, componere inimicitias, Hdt.7.146; τὸν πόλεμον And.3.17
, Th.6.36; στάσιν Ar.Ra. 359
: abs., make peace, Hdt. 8.140.ά, Th.1.81, X.HG6.8.6, etc.; καταλύεσθαί τινι come to terms with one, Hdt.9.11, etc.

4 [voice] Pass., ἤδη καταλελυμένης τῆς ἡλικίας in the decay of life, Arist.Pol. 1335a34.

II unloose, unyoke, καταλύσομεν ἵππους Od.4.28
; τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ κ. take it down from the wall where it was hung up, Hdt.2.121.γ:—[voice] Pass., to be taken down from hanging, Hp.Aph.2.43.

2 intr., take up one's quarters, lodge, παρ' ἐμοὶ καταλύει he is my guest, Pl.Grg. 447b, cf. Prt. 311a, D.18.82: abs., Pl.Prt. 315d: c. acc., κ. παρά τινα turn off the road to a person's house, go and lodge with him, Th.1.136; κ. εἰς πανδοκεῖον Aeschin.2.97
; Μεγαροῖ Pl.Tht. 142c
; ἐν τῷ ἱαρῷ SIG978.8
(Cnidos, iii B.C.):—[voice] Med., θανάτῳ καταλυσαίμαν may I take my rest in the grave, E.Med. 146 (anap.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταλύω
9 σκοπέω

σκοπ-έω, used by early writers only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. (v. infr. 11), the other tenses being supplied by σκέπτομαι (q.v.):—but in later writers we find [tense] fut. σκοπήσω, Anon.Prog. in Rh.1.615 W., Gal.UP3.10 (f.l.), ([etym.] ἐπι-) Babr. 103.8, ([etym.] κατα-) Hld.5.4: [tense] aor.

A ἐσκόπησα Thphr.Sign.1
([etym.] προ-), Plb. Fr.54 (s.v.l.) ([etym.] περι-), Lib.Or.12.28, etc.: and of [voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐσκοπησάμην ([etym.] περι-) Luc.VH1.32: [tense] pf. ἐσκόπημαι ([etym.] προαν-) J.AJ17.5.6: (cf. σκέπτομαι):—behold, contemplate (rather of particulars than of universals, of which θεωρέω is more commonly used, but οἱ τὸν ἥλιον ἐκλείποντα θεωροῦντες καὶ σκοπούμενοι Pl.Phd. 99d
), ἄστρον Pi.O.1.5
; πλοῦν μὴ 'ξ ἀπόπτου μᾶλλον ἢ 'γγύθεν σκοπεῖν S.Ph. 467
, cf. E.IA 490; τὰ πόρρω Id.Rh. 482
; τὰ ἔμπροσθεν X.An.6.3.14(17)
; examine, inspect, καταθεῖναί τι.. σκοπεῖν τῷ βουλομένῳ IG 12(5).480
(Athenian law, v B.C.); σ. παραγραφάς PLips. 38 ii 2
(iv A.D.): abs., ἄλλοσε ς. S.El. 1474; σκοπεῖτε look out, watch, A.Supp. 232, etc.: folld. by a clause, σ. ὅπου.. S.Ph.16
; σ. ποῦ.. X.Cyr.3.2.1
, etc.: folld. by a Prep., σ. εἰς.. E.Fr.812.6
, Pl.Plt. 305b.

2 metaph., look to or into, consider, examine, τὰ ἑωυτοῦ ς. look to one's own affairs, Hdt.1.8; τὸ σεαυτοῦ Pl.Phdr. 232d
; τὸ ὑμέτερον Antipho 4.2.8
; καιρόν Th.4.23
; τὸ συμφέρον Pl.R. 342b
sq.; τὸ πρὸς ποσί S.OT 130
; τοὺς νόμους πρὸς τοὺς τῇδε with reference to the laws here, Pl.Ti. 24a; τι πρὸς ἐμαυτόν Id.Euthphr.9c
: abs., σκοπῶν εὕρισκον ἴασιν S.OT68
, cf. Ph. 282: folld. by an acc. and interrog. clause, or μή.., σ. τὴν τελευτὴν κῇ ἀποβήσεται Hdt.1.32
, cf. S.Ph. 506, OT 407: folld. by an interrog. clause alone, σ. πόθεν χρὴ ἄρξασθαι And.1.8
; σ. εἰ.. S.Ant.41
, Pl.Lg. 862a ([voice] Med.); ὅπως.. X.Cyr.2.2.26
: sts. c. gen. pers. as well as acc. or clause, σκόπει δὴ τόδε αὐτῶν Pl.Tht. 182a
; πρῶτον αὐτῶν ἐσκόπει πότερα.. X.Mem.1.1.12
: folld. by a Prep., ἐξ ὧν ἀγγέλλουσι σκοποῦντες λογιεῖσθε τὰ εἰκότα Th.6.36
, cf. 1.1, X.An.3.1.13; πρὸς τὸ ἄρχειν σκοπῶν λογίζομαι Id.Cyr.1.6.8
; σ. τὰ λοιπὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς αὐτούς Antipho 1.31
; ἀνομολογούμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl.R. 348b
; τόδε περὶ αὐτοῦ ib. 351b, etc.; τὴν ὀρθολογίαν περί τι Id.Sph. 239b
: with Adv., abs., ὀρθῶς ς. E.Ph. 155; καιρίως Id.Rh. 339
; ἄμεινον Pl.Smp. 219a
.

3 look out for, παῦλαν X.An.5.7.32
; τι ἀγαθόν Id.Hier.9.10
; νεώσοικον Ar.Ach.96
; ἐσκόπει γυναῖκά μοι Is.2.18
, cf. D.Ep.2.11; σ. ὄνομα κάλλιον αὐτῇ Plu.2.991f
.

II [voice] Med., used like [voice] Act. 1.1 (perh. implying a more deliberate consideration), c. acc., E.IT 68, Hel. 1537; τένοντ' ἐς ὀρθὸν ὄμμασι σκοπουμένη Id.Med. 1166
.

2 = 1.2, S.OT 964; σ. τύχας βροτῶν E.Fr. 262
: folld. by relat., σ. τίνι τρόπῳ.. Pl.Smp. 176b
, cf. Th.8.48: περί τινος Pl.Prt. 353a
, X.Hier. 1.10: abs., ἔνεστι τοῖσιν εὖ σκοπουμένοις ταρβεῖν.. S.Tr. 296
.

3 = 1.3, ὅτανπερ ἀδικεῖν ἐπιχειρῶσιν, ἅμα καὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν σκοποῦνται Isoc.21.17
.

III rarely in [voice] Pass., σκοπῶν καὶ σκοπούμενος ὑπ' ἄλλων considering and being considered, Pl.Lg. 772d; ὁ λόγος.. αἰσχρὸς τοῖς σκοπουμένοις is disgraceful in the very matter considered, D.20.54 (s.v.l., τοῖς ς. secl. Dobree).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σκοπέω
10 ἄρχω

ἄρχω, [dialect] Ep. inf.

A ἀρχέμεναι Il.20.154
: [tense] impf. ἦρχον ib.2.378, etc.; [dialect] Dor. ἆρχον Pi.O.10(11).51
: [tense] fut. ἄρξω Od.4.667
, A.Pr. 940, Th.1.144: [tense] aor. ἦρξα, [dialect] Ep. ἄρξα Od.14.230
, etc.: [tense] pf. ἦρχα CIG3487.14
([place name] Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu.2.851f:—[voice] Med., Od.8.90, etc.; non-thematic part. ἄρχμενος Call.Aet.3.1.56
, al.: [tense] impf., Il.9.93, Hdt.5.28: [tense] fut. ἄρξομαι (in med. sense, v. infr.) Il.9.97, E.IA 442, X.Cyr.8.8.2; [dialect] Dor. ἀρξεῦμαι Theoc.7.95
: [tense] aor. ἠρξάμην Od.23.310
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἦργμαι only in med. sense, v. infr. 1.2: [tense] aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι Th.6.18
, Arist.Pol. 1277b13, v. infr.11.4:—to be first,

I in Time, begin, make a beginning, [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. (in Hom. the [voice] Act. is more freq., in [dialect] Att. Prose the [voice] Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized),
πολέμου ἄρχειν
to be the aggressor, Th.1.53
; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one's operations, X.HG6.3.6; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, Id.An.1.6.6; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one's speech, ib.3.2.7. Constr.:

1 mostly c. gen., make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο Il.4.335
; μύθων Od.3.68
; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι Hdt. 1.2
; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς A.Pers. 409
; τοῦ κακοῦ ib. 353; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, Antipho 4.2.1 and 2:— in [voice] Med. in religious sense, = ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, Od.14.428, cf. E. Ion 651; but [voice] Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι Pi.I.6(5).37
.

2 c. gen., begin from or with.., ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ' ἄρξομαι Il.9.97
; ἄρχεσθαι Διός Pi.N.5.25
; πόθεν ἄρξωμαι; A.Ch. 855; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται Hp. VM5
; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, Od.23.199, Hp.Off.11; ἀπό τινος freq. in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Hdt.3.12; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., Pl.R. 408d, Thg. 128d:— ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, Pl.Grg. 471c, cf. D.18.297; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων X.Mem.3.5.15
; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος Pl.Lg. 771c
; ἀφ' ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή ib. 771a; ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος Ar.V. 846
.

3 c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, Il.15.95; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433
, etc.; τῇσι δὲ.. ἄρχετο μολπῆς Od.6.101
; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα Th.2.53
, cf. 12; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι X.HG2.2.23
; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον S.Tr. 871
.

4 c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, Od.8.107 (but also ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο lead the way, 5.237): abs. (sc. ὁδόν) , ἄρχε δ' Ἀθήνη 3.12
; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε Il.9.69
; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών 3.447
; ἦρχε δ' ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592
, cf. infr. 11.2: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον Pi.N.3.10
; ἅπερ ἦρξεν A.Ag. 1529
(lyr.); λυπηρόν τι S.El. 552
; ὕβριν Id.Fr. 368
.

5 of actions, σέο δ' ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ Il.9.102
: freq. c. inf., τοῖσιν δ' ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν among them, Il.1.571, etc.; ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ' ἴμεν, 2.84, 13.329; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν Od.22.437
, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Il.7.324
; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν Th.1.107
; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Id.2.47
: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il.2.378
; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων Hdt.4.119
; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα X.Cyr.8.7.26
; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; Pl.Mx. 237a
, cf. Tht. 187a (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν Id.Phdr. 241e
); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων X.Cyr.8.8.2
(but ἤρξω μανθάνειν Id.Mem.3.5.22
).

6 abs.,
ἄρχε
take the lead! Il.9.69
: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. ap. Th.4.118, cf. Lex ap.D.24.42; τὸ ἄρχον, opp. τὸ ἑπόμενον, Dam.Pr. 234: part.
ἀρχόμενος
at first, X.Eq.9.3
, Cyn.3.8, Isoc.2.54; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος Hes.Op. 368
, cf. Fr.192.4; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι Ar.Eq. 1246
; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε Th.2.1
; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ ibid.; θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου ib.47.

7 Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος D.T.633.27
; ἡ ἄρχουσα (sc. συλλαβή) A.D.Synt.130.13.

II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,

1 mostly c. gen., rule, be leader of.., Βοιωτῶν Il.2.494
, cf. Hdt.5.1, etc.

2 less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα Od.14.230
, cf. 471, Il.2.805, Pi.P.3.4, A.Pr. 940, E.Andr. 666, IA 337, IG7.2830 ([place name] Hyettus), etc.; also ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ' held command among them, Il.13.690, cf. Pl.Phdr. 238a: c. inf. added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, Il.16.65.

3 abs., rule, ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα A.Pr. 927
, cf. Pers. 774; esp. hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν Hdt.6.67
; at Athens, etc., to be archon, D.21.178; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, Hdt.3.80, Th.6.54; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) IG3.659, 693, SIG872.7.

4 [voice] Pass., with [tense] fut. ἄρξομαι Hdt.7.159
, Pi.O.8.45, A.Pers. 589, Lys.28.7; but ἀρχθήσομαι Arist.Pol. 1259b40
, D.C.65.10:—to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινος Hdt.1.127
; ἔκ τινος S.El. 264
, Ant.63; ὑπό τινι Hdt.1.91
, 103; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος Lys.12.92
; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol.
ap.D.L.1.60, cf. Pl.Prt. 326d; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν Arist. Pol. 1277b14
;
οἱ ἀρχόμενοι
subjects, X.An.2
6.19, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄρχω
11 ἐπιδαψιλεύω

ἐπιδαψῐλεύω, intr.,

A abound, be abundant, Ister 43, Hsch. s.v. Συβαριτικοὶ λόγοι: but more commonly,

II. [voice] Med., lavish upon a person, bestow freely, τὰς ἑωυτῶν μητέρας καὶ τὰς ἀδελφεὰς ὑμῖν Hdt. 5.20
, cf. Ph.1.400; [ τὰν δαπάναν] Supp.Epigr.1.327.7 (Callatis, i A.D.); ἐ. τινί τοῦ γέλωτος give him freely of it, X.Cyr.2.2.15: metaph., illustrate more richly, Luc.DMort.30.2.

2. intr., to be lavish, Arist VV1250b25, Ph.2.170; ἔν τινι D.H.Rh.6.2
, Luc.Pr.Im.14.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιδαψιλεύω
12 ἐπιλήθω

ἐπιλήθ-ω,

A cause to forget, ὁ γάρ τ' [ὕπνος] ἐπέλησεν ἁπάντων laps one in forgetfulness of all, Od.20.85; ἡδονὴ σφέας ἐπιλήθουσα τῶν πάρος Aret.CD2.12
; ἐπιλήσει σε ἀφροδισίων Philostr.Ep.68
:—[voice] Pass., to be forgotten, in [tense] pf. part. ἐπιλελησμένος LXX Is.23.16
, Ev.Luc.12.6: [tense] fut. - λησθήσομαι LXX Wi.2.4
.

II. [voice] Med., [full] ἐπιλανθάνομαι, or more commonly [full] ἐπιλήθομαι, [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. [suff] ἐπιλήθ-λᾱθ- Alc.Supp.25.6, S.El. 146 (lyr.), [tense] fut. - λήσομαι: [tense] aor. 2 - ελᾰθόμην Pl.Ap. 17a
: late [tense] aor. 1 - ελήσατο Nonn.D.48.969
: with [tense] pf. [voice] Act. λέληθα Hdt.3.46
, Pi.O.(v.infr.), but more freq. [voice] Pass.
- λέλησμαι E.Ba. 188
, Ar.Nu. 631, Lys.26.1, Pl.Phd. 75d, al.: pi[tense] pf. - ελελήσμην Ar.V. 605
, Pl.Phd. 73e, al.:— let a thing escape one, forget, lose thought of, c.gen., ὅπως Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται ([dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. subj.) Od.1.57; οὐδ' ὁ γέρων δολίης ἐπελήθετο τέχνης 4.455
, cf. Hes.Th. 560; οὐδ' ὣς σχεδίης ἐπελήθετο Od.5.324
; γονέων ἐπιλάθεται ([dialect] Dor.) S.El. 146 (lyr.), cf. Hdt.4.4, Lys.26.1, etc.; ὑπ' αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπελαθόμην Pl.Ap.
l.c.: prov., Μαλέας δὲ κάμψας ἐπιλάθου τῶν οἴκαδε Str.8.6.20
: c.acc., Hdt.3.46, E.Hel. 265, Ar.Nu. 631; ὑπὸ χρόνου τι Pl.Phd. 73e
: c.inf., Ar.V. 853, Pl.R. 563b, Hyp.Lyc.8: c. part., ὀφείλων ἐπιλέλᾱθα I forgot that I owed, Pi.O.10(11).3, cf. E.Ba. 188: with a Prep., ἐ. περὶ τῶν πεπραγμένων And.1.148
; περὶ οὗ.., περὶ ὅτου.., Pl.Prt. 334d, 336d; leave disregarded, neglect, πρόσταγμα Ceb.24
.

2. less freq., forget wilfully, τῶν ἐντολέων μεμνημένος ἐπελανθάνετο Hdt.3.147
; ἑκὼν ἐπιλήθομαι Id.4.43
, cf. 3.75, Aeschin.1.158.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιλήθω
13 αἰσχύνω

αἰσχύνω [pron. full] [ῡ]: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. αἰσχύνεσκε ([etym.] κατ-) Q.S.14.531: [tense] fut.

A - ῠνῶ E. Hipp. 719
, [dialect] Ion. - υνέω Hdt.9.53
: [tense] aor. ᾔσχῡνα Il.23.571
, Lys.1.4, etc.: [tense] pf. σχυγκα D.C. 58.16
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. αἰσχῠνοῦμαι A.Ag. 856
, Ar.Fr. 200, Pl. Ti. 49d, etc., rarely αἰσχυνθήσομαι (v. sub fin.): [tense] aor. ᾐσχύνθην Hdt.
and [dialect] Att., poet. inf. αἰσχυνθῆμεν Pi.N.9.27
: [tense] pf. ᾔσχυμμαι (v. infr. B. I):—make ugly, disfigure, πρόσωπον, κόμην, Il.18.24, 27, cf. S.Ant. 529; αἰ. τὸν ἵππον give the horse a bad form, X.Eq.1.12.

2 mostly in moral sense, dishonour, tarnish, μηδὲ γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν Il.6.209
, cf. 23.571; τὴν Σπάρτην Hdt.9.53
; ξενίαν τράπεζαν A.Ag. 401
; τοὺς πρὸς αἵματος S.Aj. 1305
; τοὺς πατέρας Pl.Mx. 246d
.

b esp. dishonour a woman, E.El.44, cf. Plu.Marc.19, etc.; εὐνήν A.Ag. 1626
; εἰς τὸ σῶμα αἰ. Arist.Pol. 1311b7; abs., Foed. Delph.Pell.2A 12.

3 disdain, ἐπιχώρια Pi.P.3.22
.

B [voice] Pass., to be dishonoured, νέκυς σχυμμένος, of Patroclus, Il. 18.180.

II to be ashamed, feel shame, abs., Od.7.305, 18.12, Hdt.1.10, E.Hipp. 1291.

2 more commonly, to be ashamed at a thing, c. acc. rei, αἰσχυνόμενοι φάτιν ἀνδρῶν Od.21.323
; τὴν δυσγένειαν τὴν ἐμὴν αἰ. S.OT 1079
: c. dat. rei, Ar.Nu. 992, Lys.3.9, D.4.42, etc.; αἰ. ἐπί τινι X.Mem.2.2.8
; ἔν τινι Th.2.43
; ὑπέρ τινος Lys.14.39
; περί τινος 33.6
. etc.

b c. part., to be ashamed at doing a thing (which one does), A.Pr. 642 (v.l.), S.Ant. 540, Ar.Fr. 200, Pl.Grg. 494e, etc.

c c. inf., to be ashamed to do a thing (and therefore not to do it), Hdt.1.82, A.Ag. 856, Ch. 917, Pl.R. 414e, Phdr. 257d, etc.; though this condition must not be pressed absolutely, cf. Ap. 22b.

d foll. by relat. clause, αἰσχύνεσθαι εἰ.. to be ashamed that.., S.El. 254, And.4.42; ἐάν.. X.Oec.21.4
; μὴ.. Pl.Tht. 183e
, cf. Machoap.Ath.13.579f; ὅτι.. Lys.2.23
.

3 c. acc. pers., to feel shame before one, E. Ion 934, 1074, Pherecr.23.6, Pl.Smp. 216b; τοὺς γέροντας (at Sparta) Aeschin.1.180; ὅστις γὰρ αὐτὸς αὑτὸν οὐκ αἰσχύνεται, πῶστόν γε μηδὲν εἰδότ' αἰσχυνθήσεται; Philem.229, cf. Gal. 5.26: c. acc. et inf., E.Hel. 415; ᾑσχύνθημεν θεοὺς.. προδοῦναι αὐτόν X.An.2.3.22
; αἰσχύνομαι ὑμᾶς λέγειν D.40.48
; αἰ. πρός τινα Arist.Rh. 1383b12
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰσχύνω
14 αἱρέω

αἱρέω, [tense] impf.

A ᾕρεον Il.24.579
, [dialect] Ion. αἵρεον Hdt.6.31
, but [var] contr. ᾕρει even in Il.17.463, ᾕρευν Hes.Sc. 302
: [tense] fut. αἱρήσω Il.9.28
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ᾕρησα late ([etym.] ἀν-) Q.S.4.40, etc.: [tense] pf. ᾕρηκα A.Ag. 267
, Th.1.61, etc., [dialect] Ion. ἀραίρηκα or αἵρηκα ([etym.] ἀν-) Hdt.5.102: [tense] plpf. ἀραιρήκεε 3.39
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. αἱρήσομαι Il.10.235
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ᾑρησάμην Plb.38.13.7
s. v.l., Gal.19.53, etc.: [tense] pf. in med. sense ᾕρημαι Ar.Av. 1577
, X.An.5.6.12, D.2.15, etc.: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] plpf. ᾕρηντο Th.1.62
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. αἱρεθήσομαι Hdt. 2.13
, Pl.Mx. 234b; rarely ᾑρήσομαι Id.Prt. 338c
: [tense] aor. ᾑρέθην and [tense] pf. ᾕρημαι D.20.146
, al.; [tense] pf. part. ἀραιρημένος Hdt.4.66
: plqf. ᾕρηντο X. An.3.2.1
, ἀραίρητο Hdt.1.191
, etc.—From [root ] ἑλ-: [tense] fut. ἑλῶ only late ([etym.] δι-) Test.Epict.6.18, ([etym.] ἀν-) D.H.11.18, ([etym.] καθ-) APl.4.334 (Antiphil.): [tense] aor.1 εἷλα ([etym.] ἀν-) Act.Ap.2.23, ([etym.] ἀν-) Epigr.Gr.314.24 ([place name] Smyrna): elsewh.[tense] aor.2 εἷλον Il.10.561
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἕλον 17.321
, [dialect] Ion. ἕλεσκε 24.752
:— [voice] Med., [tense] fut. ἑλοῦμαι D.H.4.75
, ([etym.] ἀφ-) Timostr.5, ([etym.] δι-) D.H.4.60, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Alciphr.1.9: [tense] aor. 1 εἱλάμην Epigr.Gr.314.5
([place name] Smyrna), ([etym.] ἀφ-) v.l. in Ath.12.546a, ([etym.] δι-) AP9.56 (Phil.): elsewh. [tense] aor. 2 εἱλόμην Il.16.139
, etc., [ per.] 2sg. ἤλεο Sapph.Oxy.1787.6.3
:—Cret. forms αἰλεθῇ Leg.Gort. 2.21
, ἀν-αιλῆθαι ib.7.10, al.:—the etym. is doubtful, and ἀγρέω (q.v.) prob. has a difft. root.

A [voice] Act., take with the hand, grasp, seize, αἱ. τι ἐν χερσίν Od.4.66
; αἱ. τινὰ χειρός to take one by the hand, Il.1.323; κόμης τινά ib. 197; μ' ἑλὼν ἐπὶ μάστακα χερσίν Od.23.76
: part. ἑλών adverbially, κατακτεῖναί μ' ἑλών S.Ant. 497
; ἄξω ἑλών Il.1.139
, cf. Pi.O.7.1; but ἔνθεν ἑλών having taken up [the song], Od.8.500.

2 take away, ἀπ' ἀπήνης ᾕρεον ἄποινα Il.24.579
.

II take, get into one's power, νῆας ib.13.42; esp. take a city, 2.37, S.Ph. 347, etc.; overpower, kill, Il.4.457, etc.; ἕλοιμί κεν ἤ κε ἁλοίην 22.253
:—freq. of passions, etc., come upon, seize, χόλος Il.18.322
; ἵμερος 3.446
; ὕπνος 10.193
; λήθη 2.34
, etc.: c. dupl.acc., τὸν δ' ἄτη φρένας εἷλε 16.805
; of disease, Pl.Tht. 142b.

2 catch, take, ζωὸν ἑλεῖν Il.21.102
; take in hunting, Hes.Sc. 302, Hdt. 1.36, etc.; overtake, in a race, Il.23.345; get into one's power, entrap, S.OC 764, etc.; in good sense, win over, X.Mem.2.3.16, cf. 3.11.11, Pl.Ly. 205e, etc.

b c. part., catch, detect one doing a thing, S. Ant. 385, 655; ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ ἑλεῖν E. Ion 1214
; φῶρα ἐπὶ κλοπῇ ἑλεῖν Pl.Lg. 874b
.

3 generally, win, gain, κῦδος Il.17.321
; στεφάνους Pi.P.3.74
, etc.; esp. in games, Ἴσθμι' ἑλὼν πύξ Simon.158
; with double sense, overcome and win, ἑλέτην δίφρον τε καὶ ἀνέρε Il.11.328
; ἕλεν Οἰνομάου βίαν παρθένον τε σύνευνον Pi.O.1.88
, cf. S.Tr. 353:— [voice] Pass., ἁγὼν ᾑρέθη the fight was won, S.OC 1148.

b generally, get, obtain, Pl.R. 359a, Ti. 64b, etc.

4 as law-term, convict, τινά τινος Ar.Nu. 591
, Is.9.36, Aeschin.3.156; εἷλέ σ' ἡ Δίκη E.
Heracl. 941, cf. Supp. 608: c. part., αἱ. τινὰ κλέπτοντα to convict of theft, Ar.Eq. 829, Pl.Lg. 941d; ᾑρῆσθαι κλοπεύς (sc. ὤν) S.Ant. 493, cf. 406.

b αἱ. δίκην, γραφήν get a verdict for conviction, Antipho 2.1.5, etc.; also ἑλεῖν τινα obtain a conviction against one, Is.7.13; ἑλεῖν τὰ διαμαρτυρηθ έντα convict the evidence of falsehood, Isoc.18.15.

c abs., get a conviction, οἱ ἑλόντες, opp. οἱ ἑαλωκότες, D.21.11; δολίοις ἕλε Κύπρις λόγοις Aphrodite won her cause.., E.Andr. 289, cf. Pl.Lg. 762b, etc.

d of a thing or circumstances which convict, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὃ ἐμὲ αἱρεῖ Id.Ap. 28a
.

5 ὁ λόγος αἱρέει reason or the reason of the thing proves, Hdt.2.33: c. acc. pers., reason persuades one, i.e. it seems good to one, Id.1.132, 7.41; ὡς ἐμὴ γνώμη αἱ. Hdt.2.43; ὅπῃ ὁ λόγος αἱ. βέλτιστ' ἂν ἔχειν Pl.R. 604c
, cf. Lg. 663d: c. inf., R. 440b; ὁ αἱρῶν λόγος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.92
; αἱρεῖ alone, proves, Plu.2.651b.

b τὸ αἱροῦν the sum due, PRyl.167.25 (i A. D.); τὰ αἱροῦντα [τάλαντα] PGrenf.2.23.14
(ii B. C.), PRyl.88.19 (ii A. D.).

III grasp with the mind, understand, Pl.Phlb. 17e, 20d, Plt. 282d.

B [voice] Med., with [tense] pf. ᾕρημαι (v. supr.), take for oneself, ἔγχος ἑλέσθαι take one's spear, Il.16.140, etc.; ἐκ γαίας λίθον A.Fr. 199
; δόρπον, δεῖπνον take one's supper, Il.7.370, 2.399; πιέειν δ' οὐκ εἶχεν ἑλέσθαι Od.11.584; Τρωσὶν.. ὅρκον ἑλ. obtain it from.., Il.22.119; and so in most senses of the [voice] Act., with the reflexive force added.

II take to oneself, choose, ἕταρον Il.10.235
, cf. 9.139, Od.16.149, etc.; prefer, τι πρό τινος Hdt.1.87
; τι ἀντί τινος X.An.1.7.3
, D.2.15; τί τινος S.Ph. 1101
, cf. Theoc.11.49.

b c. inf., prefer to do, Hdt. 1.11, etc.; ἑλέσθαι μᾶλλον τεθνάναι X.Mem.1.2.16
, cf. Pl.Ap. 38e; μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτό μ' ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν S.Ph.47
: without μᾶλλον, Pi.N.10.59, Lys.2.62.

c αἱ. εἰ .. to be content if., AP 12.68 (Mel.).

2 αἱ. τά τινων take another's part, join their party, Th.3.63, etc.; αἱ. γνώμην to adopt an opinion, Hdt.4.137.

3 choose by vote, elect to an office, αἱ. τινὰ δικαστήν, στρατηγόν, etc., Id.1.96, Eup.117, etc.; τινὰς ἀριστίνδην Lex ap.D.43.57; αἱ. τινὰ ἐπ' ἀρχήν Pl.Men. 90b
; αἱ. τινὰ ἄρχειν Id.Ap. 28e
, cf. Il.2.127.

C [voice] Pass., to be taken, Hdt.1.185, 191, 9.102; more commonly ἁλίσκομαι.

2 v. supr. A. 11.3.

II [voice] Pass. to med. sense, to be chosen, in [tense] pf. ᾕρημαι A.Ag. 1209
, etc.; [dialect] Ion. ἀραίρημαι Hdt.7.118
, 172, 173, al.; στρατηγεῖν ᾑρημένος X.Mem.3.2.1
; ἐπ' ἀρχῆς ᾑρῆσθαι ib.3.3.2; ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν παίδων ἀρχήν Pl.Lg. 809a
; τοῦ ἔτους.. ᾑρημένοι elected for the year.., IGRom.3.1422 (Bithyn.):—[tense] aor. ᾑρέθην is always so used, A.Th. 505, Ar.Av. 799, Th.7.31, etc.; [tense] pres. rarely, αἱροῦνται πρεσβευταί are chosen, Arist.Pol. 1299a19, cf. And.4.16.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἱρέω
15 δειλός

δειλός, ή, όν, ([etym.] δέος):

I of persons, cowardly, opp. ἄλκιμος, Il. 13.278; opp. ἀνδρεῖος, Pl.Phdr. 239a, etc.: hence, vile, worthless, Il. 1.293; δειλαί τοι δειλῶν γε καὶ ἐγγύαι Od.8.351
; opp. ἐσθλός, lowborn, mean, Hes.Fr. 164; πλοῦτος καὶ δειλοῖσιν ἀνθρώπων ὁμιλεῖ B. 1.50
; ἀγαθοὶ δειλῶν ἐπὶ δαῖτας ἴσιν Eup.289
; of animals, Hdt.3.108: c.gen.,
δειλὸς μυάγρης
afraid of.., AP9.410
(Tull. Sab.): c.inf., ib.6.232 (Crin.). Adv.
- λῶς Theoc.Adon.15
, Plu.2.26b.

2 more commonly, miserable, wretched, with a compassionate sense, δειλοὶ βροτοί poor mortals! Il.22.31, al.; ἆ δειλέ poor wretch!
ἆ δειλοί
poor wretches!
17.201
, Od.20.351; ἆ δειλὲ ξείνων 14.361
; Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο Il.17.670
.

II of things, miserable, wretched, γῆρας Hes.Op. 113
; δ. δ' ἐνὶ πυθμένι φειδώ ib. 369; τὰ δ. κέρδη S.Ant. 326
; ἔργα, λόγος, etc., Thgn.307, E.Andr. 757, etc.: [comp] Comp., Longin.2.1: [comp] Sup., Ar.Pl. 123: neut. pl. as Adv., ὀχλεῖ μοι δειλὰ ὁ Τρωΐλος PIand. 11.4
(iii A.D.).—Trag. use δειλός chiefly in former sense, δείλαιος in latter.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δειλός
16 εὐεργέτης

εὐεργέτ-ης (Thess. [full] εὐϝεργέτας IG9(2).257.5 (v B. C.)), ου, ὁ,

A benefactor, Pi.P.2.24, S.Ant. 284; τινι to one, Hdt.6.30, E.HF 1252: more commonly c. gen., τῆς γῆς Id.Rh. 151
, cf. Pl.Cra. 403e, etc.

2 as an honorary title, εὐ. βασιλέος ἀνεγράφη was registered as the King's benefactor, Hdt.8.85, cf. 3.140; πρόξεινος καὶ εὐ. Id.8.136, cf. IG12.82, X.HG6.1.4, etc.; μέγιστος εὐ. παρ' ἐμοὶ ἀναγεγράψῃ Pl.Grg. 506c
, cf. Lys.20.19, etc.; οἱ ἐξουσιασταὶ αὐτῶν εὐ. καλοῦνται Ev.Luc.22.25
: conferred on kings and emperors, as Antigonus, Inscr.Prien.2.6 (iv B. C.); ὁ παντὸς κόσμου σωτὴρ καὶ εὐ, of Trajan, IG12(1).978 ([place name] Carpathos); σὺ ὁ εὐ., mode of address to a superior, POxy.38.13 (i A. D.), 486.27 (ii A. D.), etc.

II as Adj., beneficent, bountiful, ἀνήρ Pi.O.2.94
, cf. P.4.30.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὐεργέτης
17 εὐμαρίην

εὐμαρ-ίην only as v.l. for - είην in Hdt.4.113: -

A easiness, ease, opportunity, τινι for doing a thing, E.Fr. 181; but more commonly τινος, S.Ph. 284, 704 (lyr.); εὐ. φυγῆς Anon.
ap. Suid.; τῆς ζητήσεως Arist.Pol. 1276a24
.

2 ease of movement, dexterity, χεροῖν E.Ba. 1128
, cf. Arist. Mu. 398b35.

3 of internal condition, ease, comfort, εὐμαρείᾳ χρώμενος πολλῇ S.Tr. 193
; but also εὐμαρείῃ (- έῃ codd.) χρᾶσθαι euphem. for alvum exonerare, to ease oneself, Hdt.2.35, cf. 4.113; εὐ. παρασκευάζειν to provide easy or ready means, Pl.Lg. 738d; πρὸς τὰς ἐκ Διὸς ὥρας εὐ. μηχανᾶσθαι provision for, protection against, Id.Prt. 321a; εὐ. ἐστί c. inf., it is easy to.., Id.Ly.l.c., X.Oec.5.9; δι' εὐμαρείας easily, Luc.Am.13; κατὰ πολλὴν εὐ., μετὰ πάσης εὐ., Ph.2.428, 1.670; πρὸς εὐμάρειάν τινος for his convenience, Luc.Hipp.5; ἐν πάσῃ εὐ. εὐθὺς γίνεται M.Ant.4.3
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὐμαρίην
18 ζεύγνυμι

ζεύγνῡμι,

A ζεύγνῡσι A.Pers. 191
, ([etym.] ὑπο-) Pl.Plt. 309a; [ per.] 2pl. imper. ζεύγνῠτε E.Rh.33
(lyr.); inf. - ύναι ([etym.] μετα-) X.Cyr.6.3.21, [dialect] Ep. ζευγνῦμεν Il.16.145
; part. ζευγνύς Hdt.1.206
, 4.89; [tense] impf. [ per.] 3pl. ἐζεύγνῠσαν Id.7.33
, [dialect] Ep. ζεύγν- Il.24.783
: also [full] ζευγνύω Hdt.1.205, Plb.5.52.4, etc.: [tense] impf. ἐζεύγνυον Hdt.4.89
([dialect] Ep. ζεύγν- v.l. Il.19.393): [tense] fut. ζεύξω Pi.I.1.6
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔζευξα Od.3.478
, etc.: late [tense] pf. ἔζευχα ([etym.] ἐπ-) Philostr.VA2.14:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. [ per.] 3 dual ζευγνύσθην Il.24.281
, [ per.] 3pl. ἐζεύγνυντο Od.3.492
: [tense] fut. ζεύξομαι E.Hec. 469
(lyr.), etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἐζευξάμην Hdt.3.102
, E. Ion 901 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ζευχθήσομαι ([etym.] δια-) Gal.9.938: [tense] aor.1 ἐζεύχθην Pi.O.3.6
, Hdt.7.6, A.Ag. 842, Pl.Plt. 302e: more commonly [tense] aor. 2 ἐζύγην [ῠ] Pi.N.7.6, E.Supp. 822 (lyr.), ([etym.] συ-) Pl.R. 546c: [tense] pf. ἔζευγμαι Il.18.276
: [tense] plpf. ἔζευκτο Hdt.4.85
.—Usu. in [tense] aor. [voice] Act. in Hom.: the simple Verb is rare in [dialect] Att. Prose:—yoke, put to, ὑπ' ὄχεσφιν ἵππους Il.23.130
; ὑφ' ἅρμασιν ἵππους 24.14
; ὑπ' ἀμάξῃσιν βόας ἡμιόνους τε ib. 783; κἄζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα A.Pr. 462
:—[voice] Med. (esp. in Od.), ἵππους ζεύγνυσθαι put to one's horses, Od.3.492, al.: abs., ζευγνύσθην Il.24.281
; ζεύξομαι ἆρα πώλους E.Hec. 469
(lyr.); καμήλους Hdt.3.102
; of riding horses, harness, saddle and bridle, ζεῦξαι Πάγασον Pi.O.13.64
, cf.Ar. Pax 128, 135; of chariots, put to, get ready, ζ. ἅρμα, ὄχους, Pi.P.10.65, E.Andr. 1020(lyr.):—[voice] Med., τέθριππα Id.Alc. 428
.

2 bind fast, ἀσκοὺς δεσμοῖς X.An.3.5.10
: —[voice] Pass., φάρη.. ἐζευγμέναι πόρπαισιν having them fastened.., E.El. 317.

3 metaph., πότμῳ ζυγείς in the yoke of fate, Pi.N.7.6; ζυγεὶς ἐν ἅρμασι πημάτων A.Ch. 795
(lyr.); ἀνάγκῃ ζυγείς S.Ph. 1025
; ζεύχθη was tamed, Id.Ant. 955 (lyr.); θεσφάτοις.. ζυγείς E.Supp. 220
; ὁρκίοισι ζ. Id.Med. 735; μοναρχία ζευχθεῖσα ἐν γράμμασιν ἀγαθοῖς Pl.Plt. 302e
: —[voice] Med., τόνδ' ἐν ὅρκοις ζεύξομαι E.Supp. 1229
.

II join together, σανίδες.. μακραὶ ἐΰξεστοι ἐζευγμέναι well-joined, Il.18.276 (elsewh. in Hom. only in signf. 1); ζεῦξαι ὀδόντας, in setting a fractured jaw, Hp.Art. 32; τὼ πόδε ζευγνύντες, of sculptors who made their statues with joined feet, Hld.3.13.

2 join in wedlock, ἐπειδὰν εὐφρόνη ζεύξῃ μία yokes her in wedlock, S.Fr.583.11; of the parents or authors of the marriage, τίς ταύτην ἔζευξε; E.IA 698; ζ. τὴν θυγατέρα τινί App. BC2.14
, cf. Ath.12.554d:—in [voice] Med., of the husband, wed, ἄκοιτιν ζεύξασθαι E.Alc. 994
(lyr.); παρθένειον ἐζεύξω λέχος Id.Tr. 676
(so in [voice] Act., γάμοις ἔζευξ' Ἀδράστου παῖδα I married his daughter, Id.Ph. 1366; ὁ Σεμέλην ζεύξας γάμοις Id.Ba. 468
):—[voice] Pass., to be married, ἐζευγμένη, opp. κόρη, S.Tr. 536; γάμοις ζευχθῆναι or ζυγῆναι, Id.OT 826, E.IA 907, etc.; ἐν γάμοις Id.El.99
; ἐς ἀνδρὸς εὐνάν Id.Supp. 822
(lyr.): metaph., ζ. μέλος ἔργμασι Pi.N.1.7
, cf.I.1.6.

3 join opposite banks by bridges, ποταμὸν ζεῦξαι Hdt.1.206
; τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον Id.7.33
, Lys.2.29; μηχαναῖς ἔζευξεν Ἕλλης πορθμόν A.Pers. 722
(troch.):—also in [voice] Med., ζεύγνυσθαι τὸν Βόσπορον Hdt.4.83
(v.l. -νύναι):—[voice] Pass., Id.7.6, 34; διῶρυξ ἐζευγμένη πλοίοις X.An.1.2.5
; but also,

b γεφύρας ζεῦξαι Hdt.1.205
, cf. 4.85, 118,al.

4 furnish ships with cross-benches ( ζυγόν 111
), Hes.Fr.76.6; but ζεύξαντες τὰς παλαιὰς [ναῦς] ὥστε πλωΐμους εἶναι having strengthened them with thwarts, Th.1.29, cf. Sch. ad loc.

5 pair or match gladiators, Arr.Epict.1.29.37.

6 join issue at law, in [voice] Pass., [δίκαι] ὑπέρ τινος ἐζευγμέναι SIG742.44
(Ephesus, i B.C.). (Cf. Skt. yunákti, pl. yuñjánti 'yoke', Lat. jungo, jugum.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ζεύγνυμι
19 καταμανθάνω

καταμανθάνω, [tense] pf.

A - μεμάθηκα Hp.Art.8
,X.Cyr.1.1.1:—observe well, examine closely, τὴν στρατιήν Hdt.7.146
; τὸν Οἰνέα Timocl.6.16
, cf. 10; τὸ τραῦμα Plu. Dio34
; look to, inspect, τὸν ἐλαιῶνα PFay.114.11
( 100 A.D.); κ. ἤν που.. X.Oec.12.3
.

2 learn, acquire knowledge of, Pl.Tht. 198d, etc.; ὑπακούειν how to obey, v.l. in X.Oec.13.7.

3 perceive with the senses, observe, Arist.Pr. 960a7: more commonly with the mind, understand, perceive, observe, οὐκ ὀρθῶς κ. Pl.Prm. 128a; εἰ ἄρα μου καταμανθάνετε ὃ λέγω Id.Lg. 689c
; ἐκ τῶν νόμων κ. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς.. Antipho 5.14
; κ. ὁπόσα θνητῇ φύσει δυνατά Pl. Epin. 986c
; κ. ὅτι.. Hp.l.c.; ῥᾴδιον τοῦτο κ., ὅτι.. Arist.Pol. 1285a1
: [tense] pf., to be aware, Λυκοῦργον -μεμάθηκας ὅτι.. X.Mem.4.4.15
: c. acc. et part., κ. πολλοὺς ἔχοντάς τι Id.Cyr.1.1.1
; καταμαθόντες μιν ἀγοράζοντα Hdt.4.164
; κ. τινὰ θύοντα X.Mem.1.4.2
; καταμαθὼν δὲ.. καταστασιαζόμενος that a party was being formed against him, Id.HG 1.6.4: καταμαθεῖν τοῦ Κύρου δοκοῦμεν, ὡς.. Id.Cyr.8.1.40
.

4 consider, τι Id.An.3.1.44; ὅτι.. Id.Cyr.7.5.80
, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταμανθάνω
20 Μάρεια

Μάρεια [pron. full] [ᾰρ], [dialect] Ion. gen. and dat. Μαρέης, Μαρέῃ, ἡ, Marea in Lower Egypt, Hdt.2.18,30, Th.1.104.

II a lake near it, Str.17.1.7; more commonly called ἡ Μαρεῶτις ([etym.] λίμνη), ibid.:—also ὁ Μαρεώτης ( [etym.] οἶνος) Id.17.1.14: [full] Μαρεωτικὸς ([etym.] οἶνος) PFay.134.6 (iv A.D.), cf.PRyl. 227.26 (iii A.D.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Μάρεια

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